Foreclosure
Laws of Individual States
Provided is information
about state foreclosure laws. This information is designed to
help you understand the process in each state. However, legal
information is not legal advice. We are not giving legal advice.
The laws of every state are different and frequently change. In
necessary, seek legal or professional advice according to your
situation.
The following summarizes
each state’s laws. For a more in-depth analysis of Foreclosure
Laws of Individual States, please visit the website listed below
each summary and search that state’s full text of the law.
CAUTION:
Information on the Internet for the most part is incorrect! Many
sites that are publicizing Foreclosure Laws have incorrect information.
We went through lengthy and timely research to bring you the most
up-to-date and correct information available.
MORTGAGE AND
DEED OF TRUST STATES
Below you will find each
state according to whether they are Mortgage, Deed of Trust or
both.
Mortgage States
Alabama, Louisiana, North
Dakota,
Arkansas, Maine, Ohio,
Connecticut, Massachusetts, Oregon,
Delaware, Michigan, Pennsylvania,
Florida, Minnesota, Rhode Island,
Hawaii, New Hampshire, South Carolina,
Indiana, New Jersey, Vermont,
Kansas, New Mexico, Wisconsin, and
New York.
Deed of Trust
States
Alaska, Mississippi, North
Carolina,
Arizona, Missouri, Virginia,
California, Nevada, and Washington, DC.
States that use both Deeds of Trust and Mortgages
Colorado, Montana, Texas,
Idaho, Nebraska, Utah,
Illinois, Oklahoma, Wyoming,
Iowa, Oregon, Washington,
Maryland, Tennessee, Georgia,
West Virginia, and Kentucky.
FORECLOSURE SUMMARIES
The following summaries
give some information on individual state foreclosure laws. Timelines
will vary depending on specific circumstances and each situation.
The timelines noted within are based on uncontested actions and
assume no delays. They give the time for the sale, then the running
totals for various procedures, until the end, when the longest
time possible for the entire foreclosure process ends. Often,
these times are longer than normal in that redemption doesn’t
often occur. However, delays do – so keep this in mind –
every foreclosure is a unique situation, timelines will vary from
foreclosure to foreclosure, and from state-to-state. All foreclosures
must be conducted under GSE guidelines.
Alabama Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 49-73 days – sale held; 30 - 60 days if
NOD is not required.
• Right of Redemption: Yes (12 months)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Alaska Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 105-108 days – sale held; 108-111 deed
recorded
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Arizona Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 115 days (non-judicial)
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Arkansas Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes, most circumstances
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 90 days
• Right of Redemption: Ends at sale
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
California Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 120 days
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Colorado Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usual)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 91 days – sale held; 166 redemption expires;
173 deed recorded
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Connecticut Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 90 days – default entered; 180 redemption
expires
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
D.C. (Washington
District of Columbia)
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust
• Timeline: 47 days – sale held; 48 deed sent for
recording;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Delaware Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 170-210 days – sale held; 200-300 confirmation
of sale;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: No
Florida Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days – sale held; 190 certificate
of title issued;
• Right of Redemption: No - 10 Days for Title to Pass
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Georgia Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usual)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 37 days sale held; 48 deed sent for recording;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Hawaii Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline (JF): 220 days – auction; 260 confirmation;
320 conveyance;
• Timeline (NJ): 160 days – auction; 195 conveyance;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Idaho Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust
• Timeline: 150 days – sale held; deed recorded
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Illinois Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 300 days – sale held; 345 redemption period
expires; deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Indiana Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 251 days – sale held; 266 redemption period
expires; deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Iowa Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 160 days – sale held; 180 redemption period
expires; deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: No
Kansas Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 130 days – sale held; 210 – 495
redemption period expires; 230 – 515 file closed;
• Right of Redemption: Yes (3 to 12 months)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Kentucky Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 147 days – sale held; 177 sale confirmation;
198 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Louisiana Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (Executory and Ordinary
Process)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline (EP): 180 days – sale held; 209 deed recorded;
• Timeline (OP): 240 days – sale held; 269 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Maine Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 240 days – sale held; 270 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Maryland Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 46 days – sale held;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Massachusetts Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 75 days – sale held;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Michigan Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 60 days – sale held; 90 – 425 redemption
expires, deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes (6 months is common)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Minnesota Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 90 – 100 days – sale held; 270-280
redemption expires;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Mississippi Foreclosure
Laws
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 90 days – sale held;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Missouri Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 60 days – sale held; 61-65 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes ( rare and difficult)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Montana Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days – sale held; 153 deed recorded;
163 possession transferred;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Nebraska Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline (JF): 142 days – sale held; 176 deed recorded;
• Timeline (NJ): 111 days – sale held; 121 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Judicial 30 days; Non-judicial –
no;
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Nevada Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline (NJ): 116 days – sale held; 118 trustee’s
deed upon sale recorded;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
New Hampshire Foreclosure
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 59 days – sale held; 75 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
New Jersey Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 270 days – sale held; 280 deed recorded;
290
• Right of Redemption: Yes (10 days)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
New Mexico Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
• Timeline: 180 days – sale held; 195 deed recorded;
225 redemption expires;
• Right of Redemption: Yes (30 days)
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
New York Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline (New York City): 445 days – sale held;
• Timeline (Outside the City):335 days – sale held;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
North Carolina
Foreclosure Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 110 days – sale held; 120 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
North Dakota Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usually)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days – entry of judgment to sale;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Ohio Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 217 days – sale held; until redemption
expires and deed is recorded depends on county;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Oklahoma Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usually)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 156 days – sale held; 186 sale confirmed;
201 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Oregon Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (usually)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days – sale held; 160 trustee’s
deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Rare
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Pennsylvania Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 270 days – sale held; 300 redemption expires
and deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Rhode Island Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 74 days – sale held;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
South Carolina
Foreclosure
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days – sale complete; 180 redemption
expires and deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
South Dakota Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (Rare)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 150 days – sale held; 340 redemption expires
and deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Tennessee Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (very rare)
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 40-45 days – sale held; 50-55 deed recorded
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Texas Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Home Equity
Loan
• Timeline: 97 days – sale held; 102 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Utah Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instrument: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 138 days – sale held; 139 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Vermont Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 95 days – default judgment enters; 275
redemption expires and deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
http://vermont.gov/
Virginia Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes (rare)
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 45 days – sale held; 60 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Washington Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 135 days – sale held; 140-150 deed recorded
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Washington D.C.
Foreclosure Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust
• Timeline: 47 days – sale held; 48 deed sent for
recording;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
West Virginia Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 60-90 days – sale held; 120 deed recorded;
• Right of Redemption: No
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Wisconsin Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 290 days – sale held; 300 confirmation
of sale; 305 deed recorded; 315 final title;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes
Wyoming Foreclosure
Law
• Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
• Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
• Timeline: 60 days – sale held;
• Right of Redemption: Yes
• Deficiency Judgments Allowed: No
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